What is a Healthy Weight?
What is a Healthy Weight?
The US National Heart Lung and Blood
Institute use three criteria for assessing the health risks associated
with obesity and overweight.
(1) Body Mass Index (BMI)
The BMI is a widely used
weight-assessment system which gives each person a "score"
according to their height and weight. In simple terms, the higher your BMI
score, the greater the risk of developing weight-related health problems.
To calculate your BMI, click:
Body Mass Index Calculator
How Body Mass Index Classifies Weight
Under 20 (19 for women) = Underweight
Between 20 and 24.99 = Normal Weight
Between 25 and 29.99 = Overweight
Between 30 and 34.99 = Obese Class 1
Between 35 and 39.99 = Obese Class 2
40 and above = Morbid Obesity
How Body Mass Index Classifies
Weight-Related Health Risk
BMI of < 20.00 - Risk = Moderate to
Very High
20.00 to 21.99 - Risk = Low
22.00 to 24.99 - Risk = Very Low
25.00 to 29.99 - Risk = Low
30.00 to 34.99 - Risk = Moderate
35.00 to 39.99 - Risk = High
BMI of > 40.00 - Risk = Very High
What are the Weight-Related Health
Dangers?
Excess body fat can cause a variety of
health problems, including:
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Stroke
- Dyslipidemia
- Insulin Resistance
- Adult-Onset Diabetes (Type 2)
- Sleep Apnea
- Osteoarthritis
- Gastro esophageal reflux
- Urinary stress incontinence
Drawbacks of Body Mass Index
The body mass index system has several
weaknesses. First, it's weight categories are not universally accepted.
Second, it takes no account of muscle-fat ratio. So it tends to
overestimate health risks for muscular athletes, while underestimating the
risks for older people and those who have lost muscle mass. Lastly, there
is no allowance made for age or sex in the weight tables. Once you are an
adult, the various categories and weight ranges apply equally to men and
women.
(2) Waist Circumference
For people with a BMI of 34 or less,
waist circumference provides an independent prediction of risk over and
above that of body mass index. This because body fat tissue which is
stored around the stomach and abdomen poses a greater health risk than
body fat located in the lower half of the body. For example, some studies
indicate that abdominal fat plays a role in the development of high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, and heart disease.
What is a Healthy Waist Circumference?
Women
Waist of over 31 inches (about 80cm)
indicates slight health risk.
Waist of over 35 inches (about 90cm) indicates substantially increased
risk.
Men
Waist of over 37 inches (about 94cm)
indicates slight health risk.
Waist of over 40 inches (about 102cm) indicates substantially increased
risk.
3) Other Health Risk Factors
In addition to body mass index and waist
measurement, there are additional risk factors to consider when assessing
your weight-related health. These other factors include:
- high blood pressure (hypertension)
- high LDL-cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol)
- low HDL-cholesterol ("good" cholesterol)
- high triglycerides
- high blood glucose (sugar)
- family history of premature heart disease
- physical inactivity
- cigarette smoking
Weight-Health Assessment
For individuals who suffer from obesity
(BMI > 29.9), or those who are overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and have two or
more risk factors, the guidelines recommend weight reduction. Even a minor
loss of weight (eg. 10 percent of current weight) will help to reduce your
risk of developing diseases associated with obesity. Patients who are
overweight, who do not have a high waist measurement, and have less than 2
risk factors may need to prevent weight gain rather than lose weight.
For a proper assessment of your
weight-related health, talk to your doctor. Your doctor will calculate
your body mass index, waist circumference and other risk factors for heart
disease. People who are overweight or obese have a greater chance of
developing hypertension (elevated blood pressure), raised blood
cholesterol or other blood-fat disorders, type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
stroke, and certain cancers. The good news is, even a small weight loss
(just 10 percent of your current weight) will help to lower your risk from
these diseases.
Note About the Dangers of Weight Gain in
Later Life
Weight gain as you age increases the
chances of developing one or more chronic diseases. In the Nurses' Health
Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, middle-aged women and
men who gained 11 - 22 pounds after age 20 were up to three times more
likely to develop heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and
gallstones than those who gained five pounds or fewer. Those who gained
more than 22 pounds had even larger risks of developing these diseases.
A Note About Body Composition
Broadly speaking, in a healthy woman of
average weight, fat tissue makes up 27 percent of total body weight,
muscle tissue about 35 percent and skeleton about 12 percent. In a man of
average weight, the approximate percentages are 15 percent fat, 45 percent
muscle, 15 percent skeleton. The remaining 25 percent or so, in both
cases, is composed of skin, blood plasma, connective tissue, tendons,
organs, hair and so on.
Weight of Water Content
Water accounts for about 70 percent of
the total body weight of an average person. Muscle is roughly 75 percent
water, 20 percent protein and 5 percent minerals and other matter. Body
fat and bones are roughly 50 percent water.
Weight of Bones
The skeleton typically accounts for quite
a small amount of total body weight. For instance, bone weight in a female
of 160 pounds is about 19.2 pounds, while a male who weighs 200 pounds has
only about 30 pounds of weight in his bones. Thus although weight does
vary somewhat according to bone size or bone density, we can't really
claim that our bones make us overweight!
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